Page 2 of 6 threshold of hearing i o approximate lowest intensity of sound that can be heard by the average human ear occurs at about hz with an intensity of 1. The wave in which the particle experiences displacement parallel to the direction of the propagation. Sound waves are longitudinal waves that must pass through a medium, such as air. A wave is a periodic disturbance that carries energy from one place to another. Along with the transverse and the longitudinal waves some waves in nature demonstrate the combination of both such as water wave. This document is highly rated by class 11 students and has been viewed 6365 times. Although alice move with speed v relative to bob, she notes the same speed. It characterized on how they ascend or descend depending on the given pitch. Mechanical waves and sound powerpoint notes sound waves. Because of the central role played by sound in speech communication, it is important to have a good understanding of how sound is produced, modified, and measured. The energy carried by a wave depends on the speed of the wave. Backandforth motion creates compression or longitudinal waves. Notes on sound chapter 15 michigan state university. Shallow water waves feel bottom move toward land these waves are in water shallower than 120th their wavelength as they reach the shore, friction slows them down, but they do become bigger 9.
Motion of the wave s energy motion of individual molecules of the wave transverse waves two motions are perpendicular waves on a string, water surface waves longitudinal waves two motions are parallel sound waves waves can have both transverse and longitudinal motion. Notes on wave properties and interference definition a form of energy transfer between objects, or that which transmits energy. As the wavelength of light waves increases, the frequency also increases. Since the speed of the wave is a constant and equal to the wavelength multiplied by the frequency, this means that the frequency of the waves traveling in front of the bug is. Properties of sound waves sound waves travel at about 340 ms in the air much slower than the speed of light. In the clarinet, a vibrating reed a thin piece of wood set in the mouthpiece gets the waves started. Waves such as these water waves spread outward from a source. Light, water waves and waves on a string are examples of transverse waves. Sound waves can only travel through a solid, liquid or. This novel is divided into nine different sections, which correspond to various parts of the lives of the six main characters. From source to detector sound from an instrument to ear cell phone to cell tower and vice versa em waves water waves a disturbance in the water moves outward. Frequency of the wave f is the number of waves passing a given point in a unit of time. Blowing across a flutes blow hole creates waves of air in the tube.
The document covers class 12 physics notes on sound waves containing top concepts like wave motion, mechanical wave motion, progressive wave, superposition principle, stationary waves etc. Students engage in the opposite of notes, or unnotes, as they are introduced to sound and light wave interactions with hands on exploratory activities and engaging demonstrations. Light or electromagnetic waves are caused by a upanddown motion of electric and magnetic fields, thus making them transverse waves. While it does not require a background in physics to understand, it is assumed that the. Remarkable is that sound, physical phenomena simingly very different from oscillation of a pendulum or wave on a tightened rope has same fundamental properties. Notes on sound chapter 15 sound waves production produced by compressional vibrations within a medium wave crests known as compressions where the medium is above average density wave troughs known as rarefactions where the medium is below average density. For example, a wave generated at 60 cycles per second has a frequency of 60 hz and can be expressed as 60s. You see light through the object, but can not see objects clearly. The waves in front have a shorter wavelength, the waves to the rear have a longer wavelength.
Their vibrations occur in the same direction as the direction of travel. Chap 12 national council of educational research and. The wave equation outline of mechanical waves longitudinal and transverse waves waves in a string, sound waves the wave equation description of waves using functions of two variables travelling waves the wave equation 0 y v y 1 2 2 2 2 2 x t waves in a string. Waves change at b oundaries of media so the properties of the medium determine the wave o depth of water, tension and density of rope, temperature of air, etc. So chapter 16 is very much a rehash of what we have already learned speed of waves, wave. While mechanical waves can be both transverse and longitudinal, all electromagnetic waves are transverse. How materials transmit light transparent allows most light to pass through translucent transmit some light, but also cause it to spread in all directions. The wave requires a medium through which to travel, but there is no net flow of mass. Although a somewhat nonintuitive mathematical abstraction a. Traveling waves waves propagate from one place to another. Notes on wave properties michigan state university. Wave motionis the disturbance, set up in the medium, due to the repeated periodic motion of the particles of the medium and travels from the particle to particle, the particles themselves keep vibrating about their mean positions. The period t is the time for one wave to pass a given point.
The best way to define a note on sound waves is their frequencies. To study the properties of common waves waves on strings, sound waves, and light waves. Introduction waves xnoise reduces noise with minimal signal degradation while preserving excellent audio quality. You can stretch out a slinky along the floor and give one end a back. This explains why you almost always see the flash of lightning before hearing the crash of the thunder. Gcse revision notes physics revision notes waves 1. Waves have a wavelength, frequency, amplitude and time period. When a vibrating object moves forward, it pushes and compresses the air in front of it creating a region of high pressure.
The energyintensity carried by waves is proportional to the square of whatever waves at least for linear waves. Sound is caused by vibrations, of the front of a violin. Transverse waves have vibrations perpendicular to the direction of travel e. The book is targeted at the first year undergraduate science and engineering students. For example, the note known as middle c on a piano corresponds to a frequency of about 256 hz. Different pitches are played by pressing keys that open or close holes in the tube making the air column inside the tube longer or shorter.
Displacement is the distance of a particle of the wave from its equilibrium position at any particular time amplitude a is the maximum displacement of a particle of the wave from its equilibrium position. Sound waves 1 student book 35 6 write the letters for ee e ea to finish the words. Diffraction diffraction is the spreading of a wave passing through a narrow opening. The result of longitudinal waves is the creation of compressions and rarefactions within the air. Period t is the time for one complete oscillation of. The waves, by virginia woolf, is a novel published in 1931. In the case of sound waves, the vibrations create a series of compressions and expansions and the wave travels along the compression in the direction of the propagation. Waves tend to be spread out in space or in the medium. Find materials for this course in the pages linked along the left. The minimum distance from a sound reflecting surface to hear an echo is 16. In the case of longitudinal waves, it is the distance between two points of.
The repetition of sound caused by the reflection of sound waves is called an echo. This note is written on the basis of a book oscillations and waves in japanese 1 written by prof. Production of a sound wave, which is longitudinal, shown at two moments in time about a. A wave is a disturbance that propagates through space. Sound waves are characterised by the motion of particles in the medium and are called mechanical waves. Longitudinal waves two different motions to describe in a wave. E youngs modulus for a solid material, or the bulk modulus for a fluid. Waves, chapter notes, class 11, physics iitjee and aipmt. Mechanical waves and sound powerpoint notes free download as powerpoint presentation. A sound wave is both the end product of the speech production mechanism and the primary source of raw material used by the listener to recover the speakers message. Bending waves in a beam or plate, and water waves are a mixture of shear and longitudinal waves. Textbook pages 527532 sound waves are first of all waves. The alternating configuration of c and r of particles is described by the graph of a sine wave ccrests, rtroughs the speed of a sound pressure wave in air is 331. Plan your 60minute lesson in science or waves with helpful tips from leigh roehm.
Xnoise is part of the waves restoration bundle, which removes clicks, crackles, and hum from vinyl records and damaged recordings. Thanks for these notes but can you plz make all into a single zip pdf it might do a great help for all jee aspirants. Musical notes and frequency the notes that make up the music we listen to correspond to specific frequencies of sound. Shock waves in comparison with the speed of sound waves the speed of a shock wa ve. Hirschberg eindhoven university of technology 28 nov 2019 this is an extended and revised edition of iwde 9206. Because the range of sound intensities is so wide, it. Lessons lecture notes the physics classroom conceptual waves. A sinusoidal wave of frequency 500 hz has a speed of 350 ms. The duality of waves and particles plays a central role in quantum mechanics.
Lecture notes iii university of illinois at urbana. Revision notes on waves and sound waves askiitians. Air is the most common medium through which sound travels. Sound waves are longitudinal waves that must pass through a medium. Lecture 11 chapter 16 waves i university of virginia. Refraction occurs when waves change speed going from one material to.
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